The latest cybersecurity report from Sophos has revealed that prominent ransomware groups, which include Hive, Royal, and Black Basta have been sharing connections and using similar details to attack their victims.
The cybersecurity company in the report titled “Clustering Attacker Behavior Reveals Hidden Patterns”, said it investigated four different ransomware attacks, one involving Hive, two by Royal, and one by Black Basta, and noticed distinct similarities between the attacks.
It noted that despite Royal being a notoriously closed-off group that does not openly solicit affiliates from underground forums, granular similarities in the forensics of the attacks suggest all three groups are sharing either affiliates or highly specific technical details of their activities.
Affiliate groups
Commenting on the findings, principal researcher at Sophos, Andrew Brandt, said the company was tracking and monitoring the attacks as a “cluster of threat activity” that defenders can use to speed up detection and response times.
- “Because the ransomware-as-a-service model requires outside affiliates to carry out attacks, it’s not uncommon for there to be crossover in the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) between these different ransomware groups. However, in these cases, the similarities we’re talking about are at a very granular level.
- These highly specific, unique behaviors suggest that the Royal ransomware group is much more reliant on affiliates than previously thought. The new insights we’ve gained about Royal’s work with affiliates and possible ties to other groups speak to the value of Sophos’ in-depth, forensic investigations,” he said.
According to him, the unique similarities include using the same specific usernames and passwords when the attackers took over systems on the targets, delivering the final payload in a .7z archive named after the victim organization, and executing commands on the infected systems with the same batch scripts and files.
The report revealed that the first attack involved Hive ransomware in January 2023. This was followed by Royals’ attacks in February and March 2023 and, later, in March, Black Basta’s.
Near the end of January this year, a large portion of Hive’s operation was disbanded following a sting operation by the FBI. This operation could have led Hive affiliates to seek new employment—perhaps with Royal and Black Basta—which would explain the similarities in the ensuing ransomware attacks.
Implications for businesses
Brandt noted that while threat activity clusters can be a stepping stone to attribution when researchers focus too much on the ‘who’ of an attack, then they can miss critical opportunities for strengthening defenses. He added that knowing highly specific attacker behavior helps managed detection and response teams react faster to active attacks. It also helps security providers create stronger protections for customers.
- “When protections are based on behaviors, it doesn’t matter who is attacking—Royal, Black Basta, or otherwise—potential victims will have the necessary security measures in place to block subsequent attacks that display some of the same distinct characteristics,” said Brandt.
