The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) injected the sum of US$11.81 billion in the first quarter (Q1) of 2019. This information is contained in the CBN Quarterly Economic Report which was recently published by the apex bank.
The CBN Quarterly Economic Report is designed for the dissemination of financial and economic information on the Nigerian economy on a current basis. The report analyses developments in the financial, fiscal, real and external sectors of the economy, as well as international economic issues of interest.
Breakdown: In the first quarter of 2019, a total of US$11.81 billion was sold by the CBN to authorised dealers in the first quarter. This represents a 10.2% increase above the level in the fourth quarter of 2018. Compared to the preceding quarter, the development reflected the increase in inter-bank sales and swaps transactions in the review quarter.
- Out of the total CBN injection, foreign exchange forwards disbursed at maturity was US$2.30 billion. This represents about 19.5% of the total injection.
- Sales to Bureau De Change (BDCs) constitutes the highest for the quarter with $3.64 billion, representing about 30.8%.
- The I&E window, where investors come to buy and sell forex received $1.53 billion, and this represents 13% of the total.
- Interbank forex sales dropped by 26% for the quarter, from $0.75 billion to $0.55 billion (4.6% of total).
Forex Flows: The external sector remained relatively stable as a result of the increase in non-oil receipts in the review quarter. However, the international price and local production of crude oil declined. Aggregate foreign exchange inflow through the CBN amounted to US$18.64 billion while aggregate outflow through the CBN, rose to US$17.29 billion.
Overall, Foreign exchange inflow and outflow through the CBN rose, resulting in a net inflow of US$1.35 billion in Q1 of 2019
Intervention Explained: In order to defend the naira, the CBN has to frequently blow forex into the economy. Doing this helps to ease-off the forex demand pressure. So far, the CBN sustained its interventions at both the inter-bank and the BDC segments of the foreign exchange market in the review quarter.
However, the report shows that the average exchange rate of the naira vis-à-vis the US dollar at the inter-bank segment depreciated by 0.04% to N306.84/US$, relative to the level at end-December 2018.
At the BDCs segment, the average exchange rate, appreciated by 0.7% above the level in the preceding quarter to N359.97/US$. Similarly, at the I&E window, the average exchange rate stood at N362.07/US$, representing 0.6% appreciation relative to the level in the preceding quarter.
Consequently, the premium between the average inter-bank and BDC rates narrowed by 0.8% point in the review quarter, from 18.1% points at the end of the fourth quarter of2018 to 17.3% in the first quarter of 2019.
Upshots: Earlier in the week, Nigeria’s external reserves hit the $45 billion. By burning through reserves, the CBN sacrifices forex savings for naira stability hoping that this will help drive down the inflation rate.
It is obvious that stakeholders in the BDC are enjoying the CBN forex rollercoaster, as they applauded the President with the reappointment of the CBN Governor, Godwin Emefiele. Intervention in the forex market is expected to continue and in the meant time, the naira would gain stability.
