The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic has caused serious damage to economies globally, including Nigeria.
The Nigerian economy, which had hitherto been fragile, has been badly hit by the impact of the global lockdown resulting from the coronavirus outbreak.
The banking industry has had its fair share of the macro-economic headwinds that have affected their margins.
A report by Augusto & Co, looks at the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Earnings and Profitability of Nigerian banks, which is a major source of interest for shareholders and investors.
According to the report, earnings from the core business of the industry will decline in the short term on account of an expected rise in impairment charges, lower yields on the loan book and a contractionary monetary policy stance, exacerbated by discretionary cash reserve requirement (CRR) debits by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN).
The interest rate on Federal Government’s intervention funds (granted through CBN and Bank of Industry) to targeted sectors, which account for about 10% of the loan portfolio, has reduced by 400 basis points to 5% in March 2020, as part of the palliatives to support businesses. This translates to a 300 basis points decline in yields on such loans to banks.
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Officially, the CRR for banks is 27.5%, but the effective CRR for some banks are as high as 50% due to the CBN’s non-refund policy and discretionary excess debits seen in the last few months. The penalties for breaching the minimum loans to deposit ratio (LDR), implemented as additional CRR debits, also contributed to the spike. Thus, restricted funds with the CBN account for as high as 15% of total assets and are non-earning. The CBN also raised the CRR for merchant banks from 2% to 27.5% in February 2020.
Based on the expectations that the industry’s interest, the report stated that income will moderate and funding costs will remain elevated owing to the high effective CRR and a possible increase in the prevailing interest rates. It foresees a decline in the industry’s net interest spread by up to 500 basis points in 2020.
The non-interest income accounts for approximately 42% of the industry’s net earnings and is largely driven by electronic banking activities, account maintenance fees, credit related fees and securities trading income.
With the lockdown resulting in skeletal operations, banks have leveraged their electronic banking platforms to boost income, as more banking transactions were consummated through digital channels during the lockdown period.
However, minimal trade activities will moderate credit related fees, as it is expected that some correspondent banks will pull back on their lines of credit. These correspondent banks are expected to reprice their rates to reflect the elevated credit risks emanating from lower liquidity in the foreign exchange market.
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Outstanding obligations to foreign portfolio investors seeking to exit Nigeria stood between $700 million and $900 million as at April 2020. The regulatory induced reduction in bank charges, which became effective in January 2020, will also moderate non-interest income.
Nonetheless, expected revaluation gains from a further devaluation of the domestic currency will support the earnings of banks with net foreign currency assets positions.
Cost containment will be top priority for the banks in 2020, as there will be a lot of pressure on revenue generation. While the industry’s operating costs are expected to increase on account of a rise in inflation and a growth in foreign currency denominated costs, the report suggests that the cost management strategies will be paramount to sustain profitability.
Augusto & Co expects the industry’s pre-tax return on average equity to moderate to between 12% and 14% in 2020, unless regulatory support is granted in some areas such as reduction in CRR.
